Handbook of Electric Power Calculations, Fourth Edition
by: H. Wayne Beaty, Surya Santoso, Ph.D.
Abstract: Ready-to-use electric power calculations. Fully revised to include calculations needed for the latest technologies, the new edition of this essential guide provides the step-by-step procedures required to solve a wide array of electric power problems. This time-saving tool makes it easy to find and use the right calculation. New sections address power electronics, alternate energy, power quality, and smart grids. Featuring coverage of the entire electrical engineering spectrum, this practical resource contains graphs, illustrations, and SI and USCS equivalents.
Full details
Table of Contents
- A. About the Editors
- B. Preface
- C. Acknowledgments
- D. Contributors
- E. Other Electrical Power Engineering Books of Interest
- 1. Section 1: Basic Network Analysis
- 2. Section 2: Instrumentation
- 3. Section 3: DC Motors and Generators
- 4. Section 4: Transformers
- 5. Section 5: Three-Phase Induction Motors
- 6. Section 6: Single-Phase Motors
- 7. Section 7: Synchronous Machines
- 8. Section 8: Generation of Electric Power
- 9. Section 9: Overhead Transmission Lines and Underground Cables
- 10. Section 10: Electric Power Networks
- 11. Section 11: Power Flow Analysis in Power Systems
- 12. Section 12: Power System Control
- 13. Section 13: Short-Circuit Computations
- 14. Section 14: System Grounding and Earthing
- 15. Section 15: Power System Protection
- 16. Section 16: Power System Stability
- 17. Section 17: Cogeneration
- 18. Section 18: Stationary Batteries
- 19. Section 19: Electric Energy Economic Models
- 20. Section 20: Lighting Design
- 21. Section 21: Power Electronics
- 22. Section 22: Alternate Energy Sources
- 23. Section 23: Power Quality
- 24. Section 24: Smart Grids
Tools & Media
Expanded Table of Contents
- A. About the Editors
- B. Preface
- C. Acknowledgments
- D. Contributors
- E. Other Electrical Power Engineering Books of Interest
- 1. Section 1: Basic Network Analysis
- Series-Parallel DC Network Analysis
- Branch-Current Analysis of a DC Network
- Mesh Analysis of a DC Network
- Nodal Analysis of a DC Network
- DC Network Solution Using Superposition Theorem
- DC Network Solution Using Thevenin's Theorem
- DC Network Solution Using Norton's Theorem
- Balanced DC Bridge Network
- Unbalanced DC Bridge Network
- Analysis of a Sinusoidal Wave
- Analysis of a Square Wave
- Analysis of an Offset Wave
- Circuit Response to a Nonsinusoidal Input Consisting of a DC Voltage in Series with an AC Voltage
- Steady-State AC Analysis of a Series RLC Circuit
- Steady-State AC Analysis of a Parallel RLC Circuit
- Analysis of a Series-Parallel AC Network
- Analysis of Power in an AC Circuit
- Analysis of Power Factor and Reactive Factor
- Power-Factor Correction
- Maximum Power Transfer in an AC Circuit
- Analysis of a Balanced Wye-Wye System
- Analysis of a Balanced Delta-Delta System
- Response of an Integrator to a Rectangular Pulse
- Bibliography
- 2. Section 2: Instrumentation
- 3. Section 3: DC Motors and Generators
- DC Generator Used as a Tachometer, Speed/Voltage Measurement
- Separately Excited DC Generator's Rated Conditions from No-Load Saturation Curve
- Terminal Conditions Calculated for a DC Compound Generator
- Added Series Field Calculated to Produce Flat Compounding in a DC Generator
- Calculation of Interpole Windings for a DC Generator
- Design of Compensating Windings for a DC Machine
- Stator and Armature Resistance Calculations in a DC Self-Excited Generator
- Efficiency Calculation for a DC Shunt Generator
- Torque and Efficiency Calculations for a Separately Excited DC Motor
- Design of a Manual Starter for a DC Shunt Motor
- Consideration of Duty Cycle Used to Select a DC Motor
- Calculation of Armature Reaction in a DC Shunt Motor
- Dynamic Braking for a Separately Excited DC Motor
- Three-Phase SCR Drive for a DC Motor
- DC Shunt-Motor Speed Determined from Armature Current and No-Load Saturation Curve
- Chopper Drive for a DC Motor
- Design of a Counter-EMF Automatic Starter for a DC Shunt Motor
- Bibliography
- 4. Section 4: Transformers
- Analysis of Transformer Turns Ratio
- Analysis of a Step-Up Transformer
- Analysis of a Transformer Connected to a Load
- Selection of a Transformer for Impedance Matching
- Performance of a Transformer with Multiple Secondaries
- Impedance Transformation of a Three-Winding Transformer
- Selection of a Transformer with Tapped Secondaries
- Transformer Characteristics and Performance
- Performance and Analysis of a Transformer with a Lagging Power-Factor Load
- Performance and Analysis of a Transformer with a Leading Power-Factor Load
- Calculation of Transformer Voltage Regulation
- Calculation of Efficiency
- Analysis of Transformer Operation at Maximum Efficiency
- Calculation of All-Day Efficiency
- Selection of Transformer to Supply a Cyclic Load
- Analysis of Transformer under Short-Circuit Conditions
- Calculation of Parameters in the Equivalent Circuit of Power Transformer by Using the Open-Circuit and Short-Circuit Tests
- Performance of a Step-Up Autotransformer (Buck/Boost Transformer in Boost Mode)
- Analysis of a Delta-Wye Three-Phase Transformer Bank Used as a Generator-Step-Up Transformer
- Performance of an Open Delta or Vee-Vee System
- Analysis of a Scott-Connected System
- Bibliography
- 5. Section 5: Three-Phase Induction Motors
- Introduction
- Equivalent Circuit
- Determination of Equivalent Circuit Parameters
- Performance Characteristics
- Plugging
- Braking
- Autotransformer Starting
- Resistance Starting
- Reactance Starting
- Series-Parallel Starting
- Multistep Starting
- Speed Control
- Line-Voltage Control
- Frequency Control
- Selection of Motor Starting and Speed Control
- Motor Selection for a Constant Load
- Motor Selection for a Variable Load
- Bibliography
- 6. Section 6: Single-Phase Motors
- Equivalent Circuit of a Single-Phase Induction Motor Determined from No-Load and Locked-Rotor Tests
- Torque and Efficiency Calculations for a Single-Phase Induction Motor
- Determination of Input Conditions and Internally Developed Power from the Equivalent Circuit for Single-Phase Induction Motors
- Determination of Input Conditions and Internally Developed Power from the Approximate Equivalent Circuit for Single-Phase Induction Motors
- Loss and Efficiency Calculations from the Equivalent Circuit of the Single-Phase Induction Motor
- Starting-Torque Calculation for a Capacitor Motor
- Starting Torque for a Resistance-Start Split-Phase Motor
- Shaded-Pole Motor Losses and Efficiency
- Synchronous Speed and Developed Torque for a Reluctance Motor
- Maximum Value of Average Mechanical Power for a Reluctance Motor
- Breakdown Torque–Speed Relationship for a Fractional-Horsepower Motor
- Field and Armature-Winding Design of a Repulsion Motor
- AC/DC Torque Comparison and Mechanical Power for a Universal Motor
- Single-Phase Series Motor (Universal) Equivalent Circuit and Phasor Diagram
- Bibliography
- 7. Section 7: Synchronous Machines
- Per-Unit Base Quantities
- Per-Unit Direct-Axis Reactances
- Per-Unit Quadrature-Axis Reactances
- Per-Unit Open-Circuit Time Constants
- Per-Unit Short-Circuit Time Constants
- Steady-State Phasor Diagram
- Generator-Capability Curve
- Generator Regulation
- Generator Short-Circuit Ratio
- Power Output and Power Factor
- Generator Efficiency
- Synchronizing Power Coefficient
- Generator Grounding Transformer and Resistor
- Power-Factor Improvement
- Bibliography
- 8. Section 8: Generation of Electric Power
- Major Parameter Decisions
- Optimum Electric-Power-Generating Unit
- Annual Capacity Factor
- Annual Fixed-Charge Rate
- Fuel Costs
- Average Net Heat Rates
- Construction of Screening Curve
- Noncoincident and Coincident Maximum Predicted Annual Loads
- Required Planning Reserve Margin
- Ratings of Commercially Available Systems
- Hydropower-Generating Stations
- Largest Units and Plant Ratings Used in Generating-System Expansion Plans
- Alternative Generating-System Expansion Plans
- Generator Ratings for Installed Units
- Optimum Plant Design
- Annual Operation and Maintenance Costs vs. Installed Capital Costs
- Thermal Efficiency vs. Installed Capital and/or Annual Operation and Maintenance Costs
- Replacement Fuel Cost
- Capability Penalty
- Bibliography
- 9. Section 9: Overhead Transmission Lines and Underground Cables
- Introduction
- Conductor Resistance
- Inductance of a Single Isolated Wire
- Inductance of a Two-Wire Transmission Line
- Inductive Reactance of a Two-Wire Transmission Line
- Inductance of a Stranded-Conductor Transmission Line
- Inductance of Three-Phase Transmission Lines
- Per-Phase Inductive Reactance of Three-Phase Lines
- Inductance of a Multiconductor Transmission Line
- Inductive Reactance of a Multiconductor Transmission Line
- Inductive Reactance of a Bundled Transmission Line
- Inductive Reactance Determined by Using Tables
- Effect of Mutual Flux Linkage
- Inductive Impedances of Multiconductor Transmission Lines Including Ground-Return Corrections
- Inductive Sequence Impedances of Three-Phase Transmission Lines
- Inductive Reactance of Cables in Ducts or Conduit
- Inductive Impedances of Multiconductor Underground Cables Including Ground-Return Corrections
- Inductive Sequence Impedances of Three-Phase Underground Cables
- Charging Current and Capacitive Reactive Power Associated with Transmission Lines
- Capacitance of a Two-Wire Line
- Capacitive Reactance of a Two-Wire Line
- Capacitance of Three-Phase Lines
- Per-Phase Capacitive Reactance of Three-Phase Lines
- Capacitive Susceptances of Multiconductor Transmission Lines
- Capacitive Sequence Susceptances of Three-Phase Transmission Lines
- Capacitive Susceptances Associated with Underground Cables
- Transmission-Line Models for Power-Frequency Studies
- Medium Transmission-Line Models for Power-Frequency Studies
- Long Transmission-Line Models for Power-Frequency Studies
- Complex Power
- Surge Impedance Loading
- Bibliography
- 10. Section 10: Electric Power Networks
- Power System Representation: Generators, Motors, Transformers, and Lines
- Per-Unit Method of Solving Three-Phase Problems
- Per-Unit Bases for Three-Phase Short-Circuit Calculations
- Changing the Base of Per-Unit Quantities
- Wye-Delta and Delta-Wye Conversions
- Per-Unit Reactances of Three-Winding Transformers
- Calculation of Complex Power
- Checking Voltage Phase Sequence with Lamps
- Total Power in Balanced Three-Phase System
- Division of Load between Transformers in Parallel
- Phase Shift in Wye-Delta Transformer Banks
- Calculation of Real Power, Reactive Power, Apparent Power, and Power Factor
- Power Diagram
- Static Capacitors Used to Improve Power Factor
- Three-Phase Synchronous Motor Used to Correct Power Factor
- Power Calculation of Two-Winding Transformer Connected as an Autotransformer
- Two-Wattmeter Method for Determining the Power of a Three-Phase Load
- Open-Delta Transformer Operation
- Real and Reactive Power of a Three-Phase Motor in Parallel with a Balanced-Delta Load
- Bibliography
- 11. Section 11: Power Flow Analysis in Power Systems
- Introduction
- Nomenclature
- Developing Power Flow Equations
- Power Flow Solution
- Gauss-Seidel (G-S) Method for Power Flow Solution
- Example of Gauss-Seidel (G-S) Solution
- Newton-Raphson (N-R) Method for Power Flow Solution
- Example of Newton-Raphson (N-R) Solution
- Fast-Decoupled (F-D) Method for Power Flow Solution
- Example of Fast-Decoupled (F-D) Solution
- Concluding Remarks
- Bibliography
- 12. Section 12: Power System Control
- 13. Section 13: Short-Circuit Computations
- Transformer Regulation Determined from Short-Circuit Test
- Terminal Voltage of Single-Phase Transformer at Full Load
- Voltage and Current in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits
- Three-Phase Short-Circuit Calculations
- Subtransient, Transient, and Synchronous Short-Circuit Currents
- Power in Unbalanced Three-Phase Circuits
- Determination of Phase-Sequence Components
- Properties of Phasor Oper-ators, j and a
- Complex Power Calculated with Symmetrical Components
- Impedances and Reactances to Different Sequences
- Line-to-Line Short-Circuit Calculations
- Impedance to Zero Sequence for Generators, Transformers, and Transmission Lines
- Line-to-Ground Short-Circuit Calculations
- Subtransient-Current Contribution from Motors; Circuit-Breaker Selection
- Induction-Motor Inrush Current
- Induction-Motor Short-Circuit Current
- Bus Voltages Calculated by Matrix Equation and Inversion
- Power Flow through a Transmission Line; ABCD Constants
- Bibliography
- 14. Section 14: System Grounding and Earthing
- Purpose of Grounding
- Definitions
- Basic Calculation Process
- Background
- Calculating the Estimated Resistance to Ground of Grounding/Earthing Electrodes
- Estimating the Resistance/Impedance of Complex Grounding Electrode Systems
- Calculating an Estimated Ground Potential Rise of an Electrode System (Ground Grid)
- Conclusion
- Computer Modeling Software
- Bibliography
- 15. Section 15: Power System Protection
- 16. Section 16: Power System Stability
- Introduction
- Dynamic Modeling and Simulation
- Transient Stability Analysis
- Single Machine-Infinite Bus Illustration
- Program Automation
- Selecting Transient Stability Design Criteria
- Transient Stability Aids
- Selection of an Underfrequency Load-Shedding Scheme
- Steady-State Stability Analysis
- Voltage Stability Analysis
- Data Preparation for Large-Scale Dynamic Simulation
- Validation of Exciter and Governor Models
- Direct Data-Driven Stability Analysis
- Bibliography
- 17. Section 17: Cogeneration
- Introduction
- Power Output Developed by Turbine Stages
- Generator and Mechanical Losses
- Boiler-Feed and Condensate Pump Power Consumption
- Gross and Net Power Output
- Heat and Fuel Consumption
- Heat Rate
- Feedwater-Heater Heat Balance
- Gas-Turbine-Based Cogeneration Plant
- Gas-Turbine Output and Heat Rate in Cogeneration-Plant Mode
- Comparative Analysis of STCP and GTCP
- Bibliography
- 18. Section 18: Stationary Batteries
- Selection
- Ratings
- C Rate
- Calculating Battery End Voltage for a DC System
- Sizing Methods—Constant Current
- Sizing Methods—Constant Power
- Determining the Current of a Constant-Power Load
- Number of Positive Plates
- Discharge Characteristics
- Using Fan Curves
- Using S Curves
- Using K Factors
- Voltage Depression—Nickel-Cadmium on Float Charge
- Number of Cells for a 48-V System
- Number of Cells for 125- and 250-V Systems
- Selecting Nickel-Cadmium Cells
- Load Profiles
- Profile for Random Load
- Loads Occurring during First Minute
- Sizing Battery for Single-Load Profile
- Sizing Battery for Multiple-Load Profile
- Ampere-Hour Capacity
- Sizing Battery for Constant Power
- Calculating Battery Short-Circuit Current
- Charger Size
- Recharging Nickel-Cadmium Batteries—Constant Current
- Temperature and Altitude Derating for Chargers
- Calculation of the Sulfuric Acid (H_2SO_4) Content of Electrolyte
- Bibliography
- 19. Section 19: Electric Energy Economic Models
- Free Trade versus Fair Trade
- The Economic Growth Model
- Economies of Scale
- Competition within a Utility
- Economic Dispatch
- Avoided Cost
- Independent System Operators
- Handling Competition on Microgrids
- Rate Making
- Class Cost of Service
- Rate Design
- Rating Periods
- Fuel Clauses
- Free Trade Pricing of Distribution Wires
- Bibliography
- 20. Section 20: Lighting Design
- 21. Section 21: Power Electronics
- 22. Section 22: Alternate Energy Sources
- 23. Section 23: Power Quality
- 24. Section 24: Smart Grids
Book Details
Title: Handbook of Electric Power Calculations, Fourth Edition
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education: New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Athens, London, Madrid, Mexico City, Milan, New Delhi, Singapore, Sydney, Toronto
Copyright / Pub. Date: 2015 McGraw-Hill Education
ISBN: 9780071823906
Authors:
H. Wayne Beaty
was managing editor of Electric Light & Power and senior editor of Electrical World. He has also worked for the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the West Texas Utilities Company, and the Houston Lighting & Power Company. Mr. Beaty is editor of the Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers and coauthor of Electrical Power Systems Quality
Surya Santoso, Ph.D.
is an associate professor of electrical engineering at the University of Texas. His research interests are in electric power quality and wind power systems. Dr. Santoso is coauthor of Electrical Power Systems Quality.
Description: Ready-to-use electric power calculations. Fully revised to include calculations needed for the latest technologies, the new edition of this essential guide provides the step-by-step procedures required to solve a wide array of electric power problems. This time-saving tool makes it easy to find and use the right calculation. New sections address power electronics, alternate energy, power quality, and smart grids. Featuring coverage of the entire electrical engineering spectrum, this practical resource contains graphs, illustrations, and SI and USCS equivalents.
